Paying tax for freelancers uk jobs
Describe in your proposal if you have had experience with ready-made slot games, if you have done any, share a reference link. Preference is for freelancers who already know this script the front end according to the references below. Insert a clock into the prize draw template. Note: I will provide the watch. Create a more attractive presel, redirecting users to the Telegram group. Review and correct the prize draw model to carry out a draw scheduled by date and time and display the draw winner randomly and automatically
Russian Recording Project We have a project, that needs Native Russian speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 626 Short sentences. you just need to download our software, to read our text and record it, it's a very easy job. 1. You will nee...project, that needs Native Russian speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 626 Short sentences. you just need to download our software, to read our text and record it, it's a very easy job. 1. You will need to record in a quiet place without loud background noise. and without echo. 2. Each person is $13 dollar for 626 sentences record. If you are interested please let me know sure.I will contact u. A Good Opportunity For New Freelancers For taking 5 Star Review after t...
More details: Is this project for business or personal use? Personal What information should successful freelancers include in their application? Detailed project proposals How soon do you need your project completed? ASAP
I need a tutor who can read my book on U.S. TAX Book on FATCA. And can give me tutoring on this book.
...creation of patterns for amigurumi, as opposed to other crochet items like scarves, hats or blankets. - Target Audience: The end users of these patterns are primarily gift givers. Therefore, the designs should be appealing and suitable for people to create as gifts for others. - Level of Difficulty: The patterns should be of an intermediate level. This means that freelancers who take on this project should be comfortable creating more complex designs in the amigurumi style. Your role in this project will be to: - Design a cohesive set of amigurumi patterns that are of an intermediate level of difficulty. - Ensure that the designs are unique and appealing to the target audience of gift givers. - Provide clear and detailed instructions for each pattern...
I'm in need of a skilled 3D animator to develop a 10-20 second video intro for my video content. The intro should be eye-catching and engaging. Key Requirements: - Experience in 3D animation is a must - The animator should be able to create high-quality animations - Prior experience creating intros for videos is highly desirable The intro will primarily be used for opening videos, thus the freelancers should have an understanding of how to create an intro that grabs the viewer's attention right from the start. The animation should be 10-20 seconds in length, no more, no less. Efficiency and quality are crucial for this project.
...with experience in developing machine learning models that can help me create a model that will calculate true odds for horses in races. Your main task will be to analyze past performance data, race results, and betting data and develop a model that can find positive expected values within the races. Key requirements: - Experience in developing machine learning models for predictive analytics. - Ability to work with and analyze horse racing data. - Strong understanding of odds calculation and betting practices in horse racing. I'm looking for candidates with a strong background in statistics and data analysis, particularly in the field of sports betting. Successful freelancers should include their experience in developing similar models in their ap...
As a non-US resident, I need assistance from a Notary Public with specific knowledge in US federal tax laws. Your task will be to fill out a form and sign it, notarizing that I am not liable for US federal taxes. This process will be done remotely. Key Requirements: - Proven experience as a Notary Public with a thorough understanding of US federal tax laws. - Ability to assist and complete the notarization process remotely - Deliver the notarized document in a digital format. Please note: Given the specificity of this task, only Notary Publics with ample experience in US federal tax laws should apply.
German Recording project We have a project, that needs Native German speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 89 short sentences. you just need to download our software, to read our text and record it, it's a v...Native German speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 89 short sentences. you just need to download our software, to read our text and record it, it's a very easy job. 1. You will need to record in a quiet place without loud background noise. and without an echo. 2. Each person Price is 8$ for 89 short sentences record. 4. The project will take about 10-15 mins only. If you are interested please let me know sure. I will contact u. A Good Opportunity For New Freelancers For taking 5 Star Review after t...
I'm seeking assistance with funding an exciting new action movie targeted at middle-aged adults. I have plans to create a memorable experience for this audience. The primary use for the funds will be: - Hiring a top-notch screenplay writer Prospective freelancers should have experience in: - Crowdfunding campaigns, specifically Kickstarter - Marketing and promotion within the film industry - Targeting middle-aged demographic groups Knowledge and a deep understanding of the action genre are highly appreciated.
I'm looking for a creative songwriter or experienced lyricist who is capable of accurately and seamlessly replacing specific parts of a popular mainstream song. To meet my requirements, you will need: - Proficient understanding of song structure and lyrics - Ability to maintain the original rhythm and rhyme of altered parts - Demonstrable skill in rewriting lyrics while retaining the song's integrity and original message The task will involve: - Replacing the phrase "making love out on the beach" with "playing scrabble on the beach" - Swapping the word "whiskey" with "soda" However, these changes should be unnoticeable and should flow well within the original song. Knowledge in popular mainstream music will be beneficial as the p...
We are seeking a highly skilled and experienced individual to fill the role of Database Architect/Lead Developer specializing in Netezza and Oracle databases. The ideal candidate will be responsible for designing, implementing, and maintaining database solutions that meet the needs of our organization. This role requires strong technical expertise in both Netezza and Oracle platforms, as well as leadership capabilities to guide a team of developers. Responsibilities Design and implement efficient database solutions for our organization, leveraging Netezza and Oracle technologies. Lead a team of developers in the implementation and maintenance of database systems. Collaborate with other stakeholders to gather requirements and define database architecture to meet busin...
I'm seeking a proficient freelancer who can promptly develop a set of technical drawings using Solidworks software. Key Expectations: • The focus will primarily be on technical drawings, expertise in this area is a must. • Mastery of Solidworks is mandatory as the final rendering of the drawings will need to be in this format. • Since time is a factor, only highly committed freelancers, capable of delivering this project ASAP, should apply. Relevant Skills and Experience: • Extensive experience with Solidworks • Mastery of technical drawing principles • Capacity to work within a demanding deadline.
...experience with Discord and great communication skills are must-haves for this project. I look forward to seeing your proposals. 3. For the voice over i will give you access to my elevenlaps account where i cloned my voice you can use my voice for the videos all you have to do is write the script and it will generate the voice for you. each video i will be paying $7 Australian dollar which is $4.5 Us dollar. 7*10=70 which is about $45 Us dollar. If we understand and i like your quality of work I have additional 50 discord short tutorial videos that needs to be done. Each video I will be creating a seprate milestone so video 1 $7 and so on. Also you will be signing IP and ownership rights for videos. If you are the right person for...
Spanish Recording Project We have a project, that needs Native Spanish speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 606 short sentences. you just need to download our software, to read our text and record ... we will give you the text, and you need to record 606 short sentences. you just need to download our software, to read our text and record it, it's a very easy job. 1. You will need to record in a quiet place without loud background noise. and without an echo. 2. Each person Price is 10$ for 606 short sentences record. Every sentences is 2 word. 4. It will take time to finished 40-50 mins only. If you are interested please let me know sure. I will contact u. A Good Opportunity For New Freelancers For taking 5 Star Review after their ...
Dear freelancers, I need help to promote a petition against corruption in the entrepreneur program in Australia. The main goal is to increase petition signatures. Key Responsibilities: - Scrape some websites to gather contacts from 'Entrepreneurs and business owners' groups in Australia. - Sending mass emails / DMs that with a link to this a petition . If possible, create groups on other social media platforms. I have a vision problem and need to avoid looking at screens, so I don't have social media accounts. if it works and I get a grant, I will offer a $500 bonus at least and future gigs with good pay. Thank you.
We are in need of a affiliate marketing freelancers to boost the sales of our affiliate products on Instagram. Key Responsibilities: - effective affiliate marketing strategy on Instagram - Regularly post engaging content to attract potential customers - Implement proven tactics to drive traffic and boost sales Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in affiliate marketing, specifically on Instagram - Strong understanding of social media marketing principles - Familiarity with Instagram If you're familiar to Instagram affiliate marketing and can deliver results in making sales, I'd love to hear from you. We provide all details needed
...and reflects the essence of my brand. This design is crucial for my upcoming product launch, and I'm working on a tight deadline. **Ideal Skills and Experience:** - Strong portfolio in illustrative logo design - Ability to translate concepts into visual designs - Proficiency in Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop - Great communication skills and ability to work under tight deadlines **Requirements:** - Design a unique, illustrative logo that embodies my brand's values and essence. - The final logo must be scalable, as its primary use has not been defined yet; it could range from web applications to print materials or product packaging. - Deliverables include the original vector files and high-resolution PNGs. - Must be available for a brief consultation before star...
I'm looking for an experienced accountant who can help me manage my business's accounting and tax preparation for French company SAS LEOPRIX (948 375 274) Key Tasks: - Tax Preparation: Ensuring that my business is tax-compliant and helping me file my business taxes accurately and on time. Experience Required: - Solid understanding of business accounting principles and practices. - Proficiency in tax laws and regulations. - Previous experience with tax preparation for small businesses. Please note: This role does not require assistance with payroll processing.
For my company, I require a proficient accountant with an expertise in bookkeeping and tax preparation. The candidate must be adept at maintaining and recording financial transactions, as well as preparing financial statements. Ideally, the freelancer should be experienced with: - Monthly, quarterly, and annual bookkeeping - Preparing tax returns and financial analysis reports Since we don't use any specific accounting software, the professional should either be well-versed with manually maintaining records or capable of suggesting and operating an effective accounting software for business.
I'm in need of a creative individual who can help me design a packaging box for my product. Here's what I'm looking for: - Custom Cardboard Design: The box will be made of cardboard, so it's important that the design is tailored to this material. Experience with packaging and cardboard design is a plus. - Digital Printing: I'm opting for digital printing for the box. It's crucial that the freelancer has the know-how and access to the necessary tools for this type of printing. Your responsibilities will include: - Coming up with a visually appealing and functional packaging design. - Ensuring the design is suitable for digital printing. - Providing the design in the required format for production. Ideal fre...
I'm in need of a skilled lead generation professional who can assist in generating qualified leads for my B2B SaaS product. The target audience for this campaign is small businesses and large corporations. Key Responsibilities: - Develop and execute a comprehensive lead generation strategy - Utilize a combination of channels, including email marketing, cold calling, and social media marketing. - Focus on quality over quantity - the goal is to generate qualified leads that are more likely to convert. Ideal Skills: - Ability to understand the nuances of small business and large corporation target audiences. + Must have strong in generating WARM leads through different channels. + Should be good at generating Warm leads + Email & Cold Call Marketing is very much des...
I'm looking for a dynamic sales executive to help generate leads for my technology business. - Industry: Technology - Primary Goal: Lead Generation - Target Audience: Mid-sized companies The ideal candidate will possess: - Proven experience in lead generation, preferably within the technology industry - Excellent communication and negotiation skills - A strong understanding of the sales process - A good network of contacts within mid-sized companies (Business Development Executive) (with good track record) + Must have strong Sales Managerial Experience in any B2B SaaS company OR been as a Sales Partner. + Experience in dealing with B2B + USA / EU Markets + Must be interested in taking on new challenges. + Should have hands-on experience. + Only Freelancers ...
I'm seeking virtual assistants with an entry-level experience in recruitment to help with the hiring process. The primary task will involve recruiting suitable candidates for various roles within my organization. This includes: - Posting job advertisements on appropriate platforms - Screening resumes and profiles - Scheduling and conducting initial interviews - Maintaining and updating recruitment databases Job Description: Having a computer is mandatory Should have at least 1 year of Virtual Assistance experience + Social networks experience is important + Jobs website handling is beneficial+ Ready to work 100% remote / work from home + Flexible hours + 6 days a week + Full time + Good computer + Good Internet connection + Start Immediate + From any country ( In...
I am in need of a cheat sheet that guides me through the stages of subject selection, focusing specifically on portrait work, even in scenarios w...Photoshop panels included. Here are some of the specific requirements: - Techniques and tools should focus on Quick Selection tool, Refine Edge tool, and Refine Hair - Each step of the process must be clearly explained. Step-by-step written instructions with supportive visuals preferred. - All information must be concisely formed into a PDF document to be both user-friendly and convenient Freelancers with advanced proficiency in Photoshop, excellent tutorial formation, and instructional design are highly valued. Previous experience in creating similar helpsheets or guides would be a plus. I am likely to want further sheet sheets in t...
I'm in need of a detailed and impactful email marketing campaign targeting 16,000 recent graduates. I will share the Email data. The campaign is designed to promote and generate interest in my upcoming "Training & Internship Program." related Webinar Inviting. I will share the email Content as well. Key Responsibili...marketing plan - Create compelling content that resonates specifically with this audience, focusing on the benefits and opportunities the program offers - Employ best practices to ensure high open and click-through rates - Monitor campaign performance and make data-driven adjustments as necessary I'm happy to discuss further details about the project with interested freelancers. Looking forward to hearing from you. My Budget is limited f...
Spain Spanish Recording Project We have a project, that needs Native Spain Spanish speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 90 short sentences. you just need to open the platform link, to read our text and record it, it's a very easy job. ...that needs Native Spain Spanish speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 90 short sentences. you just need to open the platform link, to read our text and record it, it's a very easy job. 1. You will need to record in a quiet place without loud background noise. and without an echo. 2. Each person Price is 5$ for 90 short sentences record. If you are interested please let me know sure. I will contact u. A Good Opportunity For New Freelancers For taking 5 Star Review after t...
More details: Is this project for business or personal use? Personal What information should successful freelancers include in their application? Past work How soon do you need your project completed? No time limit
Our established US-based LED sign manufacturing business seeks reliable guidance on navigating the complexities associated...Uruguayan business laws & procedures applicable to foreign investors establishing their presence locally, including but not limited to taxation (RUT), labor legislation through CASMU registration process as well as relevant permits/licenses based on our intended scope of operation. - Exceptional communication skills both in English and Spanish for seamless collaboration with US executives while representing us effectively towards authorities responsible for granting approvals. Some of our team can speak Spanish but we prefer communication to be in English. Please submit your portfolio highlighting relevant qualifications today, we look forward to h...
I'm looking for talented freelancers to join my team and help with various tasks related to running a freelancing company. Key Responsibilities: - Working on a variety of projects, including web development, graphic design, and content writing (specific tasks will be assigned based on your expertise) - Ensuring high-quality work is delivered within set deadlines - Collaborating with other team members when necessary Communication: I plan to communicate with you mainly via email and messaging apps. Ideal Candidate: - An experienced freelancer with a diverse skill set, particularly in web development, graphic design, and content writing - Someone who is reliable, deadline-driven, and able to produce high-quality work - Good communication skills and willingness to coll...
I'm seeking a PowerPoint expert for an ongoing / recurring collaboration. With plenty of support needed in the first 2 weeks. Your tasks will include: - Translating rough sketches, photos, and concepts into polished slides based on our existing templates. - Creating engaging and professional slides which present concepts, diagrams, data and information in a clear manner. - Adhering to a professional and consistent English language, and company PPT template which will be supplied. - Maintaining a consistent quality and design aesthetic throughout all slides. You should be comfortable with an iterative approach because: 1) there will be frequent reviews as the slide deck develops from draft concept to a finalised deck. 2) feedback will be given after each review meeting, to en...
I'm in need of a creative individual who can help me design a packaging box for my product. Here's what I'm looking for: - Custom Cardboard Design: The box will be made of cardboard, so it's important that the design is tailored to this material. Experience with packaging and cardboard design is a plus. - Digital Printing: I'm opting for digital printing for the box. It's crucial that the freelancer has the know-how and access to the necessary tools for this type of printing. Your responsibilities will include: - Coming up with a visually appealing and functional packaging design. - Ensuring the design is suitable for digital printing. - Providing the design in the required format for production. Ideal fre...
i am looking for a solana dev requirements: • create a solana token that automatically sends a small amount of SOL to the token owners wallets on every transaction • implement lock wallet feature, to stop someone from selling • create the token similar to SOLBULL, and with the functions mentioned above. idea: collect fees as token on each tx, these tax tokens need to be withdrawn separately into the wallet, so a script to withdraw tax tokens every X amount of time, then maybe once a day the wallet owner can sell tokens to get SOL or another automation can be created to sell tokens to get SOL if there is a better way you can think of, i would be open to hearing it.
I'm seeking a PowerPoint expert for an ongoing / recurring collaboration. With plenty of support needed in the first 2 weeks. Your tasks will include: - Translating rough sketches, photos, and concepts into polished slides based on our existing templates. - Creating engaging and professional slides which present concepts, diagrams, data and information in a clear manner. - Adhering to a professional and consistent English language, and company PPT template which will be supplied. - Maintaining a consistent quality and design aesthetic throughout all slides. You should be comfortable with an iterative approach because: 1) there will be frequent reviews as the slide deck develops from draft concept to a finalised deck. 2) feedback will be given after each review meeting, to en...
We are a start-up and looking for a Chartered Accountant with Zero Attitude. Core Skills Required: Cloud Busy, GST Reconciliation, Adjusting Non-GST Purchases, RCM, Invoicing and Bookkeeping. Core Experience Required: Atleast 2-3 years of experience in handling annual turnover of 5 Cr + preferably in e-Commerce sector. And, someone who can take complete responsibility of owning, managing and supervising all tax related work. Please only apply if you can work dedicatedly and for long term.
Hello freelancers, I'm looking for a skilled logo designer to help me create a unique, professional logo for a florist shop. I'm open to your creative ideas. Shop Name: Silky Roses I want a original work.. Please don't copy from Google or free logo websites or copy others design.. I will reject those entries.. I will not wait till the contest ends..If I like the design,I will award the contest.. Thanks
Turkish Recording Project We have a project, that needs Native Turkish speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 110 short sentences. you just need to open the platform link, to read our text and record it...speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 110 short sentences. you just need to open the platform link, to read our text and record it, it's a very easy job. 1. You will need to record in a quiet place without loud background noise. and without an echo. 2. Each person Price is 4$ for 110 short sentences record. 3. Payment after received feedback, It will take time 1-2 weeks. If you are interested please let me know sure. I will contact u. A Good Opportunity For New Freelancers For taking 5 Star Review after their ...
...development, specifically tailored for a fragrance business. This site aims to cater to both men and women, ensuring a diverse and inclusive user base. Necessary features for this platform should include: - A robust user review system: Empowering customers with the ability to provide feedback and rate the fragrances they purchase. Developers with experience in creating similar systems will be prioritized. - An intuitive shopping cart: Making sure that the purchasing experience is smooth and easy, crucial for customer retention. Prior experience in developing frictionless e-commerce shopping experiences is a must. - A comprehensive product search function: Allowing users to swiftly find their desired fragrance from a large and diverse catalogue. Only freelancers...
I'm seeking an experienced artist to create a surrealist art installation within an indoor setting, employing the use of colourful textiles, mesh or artificial flowers as the primary material. Artist should be London based in the UK. Desired Experience & Skills: - Proven experience in surrealism art is favourable. - Ability to work well with cloth material. - Strong aesthetic eye for indoor art placements. What I Expect: - Engage in conceptual discussions. - Develop and execute the surrealist art project indoors. - Ensure the cloth stands out to modify the mood of the room - Theme: light and harmony Considerations: Due to the nature of this project, a keen understanding of indoor space maximization is vital. Applicants should have a portfolio showcasing previous w...
...highly skilled R&D accountant with a deep understanding of UK Corporate Tax law, specifically in the area of amending the original Corporation Tax (CT600) return when applying R&D relief. The primary goal for your services will be to efficiently and accurately amend the CT600 return for R&D tax relief. Key Responsibilities: - Amend original Corporation Tax (CT600) return when applying R&D relief - Ensure all necessary documentation and calculations are accurate and prepared in accordance with UK Corporate Tax regulations - Identify and mitigate potential risks of non-compliance Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in successfully amending CT600 returns for R&D tax relief - Str...
We need an expert to produce content for our card-based learning platform. The content will specifically focus on: - Banking procedures Ideal skills should include: - Expertise in banking and financial services - A profound understanding of card-based learning and content creation - Ability to impart complex procedures in a detailed, yet easy-to-understand manner Our focus is for learners to grasp fully optimised banking operations. We require a detailed walkthrough, so freelancers would be providing comprehensive, step-by-step guides on various banking procedures. This is a creative yet strategic role, perfectly suited for someone well-versed in both the banking industry and engaging content creation.
I need a comprehensive header design for my brand across Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. The main elements I want included are: - My brand logo - A personal image The design style I'm looking for is elegant and professional. This should be reflected in the color scheme, typography, and overall aesthetic. Ideal candidates for this project should have experience in creating social media headers, particularly across multiple platforms. A strong sense of design aesthetics, particularly in an elegant, professional style, is essential. It's also important that freelancers are able to work with existing brand assets and integrate them seamlessly into the design. See the attached as a set of examples.
Italian Recording Project We have a project, that needs Native Italian speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 89 short sentences. you just need to download our software, to read our text and record it, it's a very ...Italian speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 89 short sentences. you just need to download our software, to read our text and record it, it's a very easy job. 1. You will need to record in a quiet place without loud background noise. and without an echo. 2. Each person Price is 5$ for 89 short sentences record. 4. The project will take about 10-15 mins only. If you are interested please let me know sure. I will contact u. A Good Opportunity For New Freelancers For taking 5 Star Review after t...
France French Recording Project We have a project, that needs Native France French speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 89 short sentences. you just need to download our software, to read our text and recor...France French speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 89 short sentences. you just need to download our software, to read our text and record it, it's a very easy job. 1. You will need to record in a quiet place without loud background noise. and without an echo. 2. Each person Price is 5$ for 89 short sentences record. 4. The project will take about 10-15 mins only. If you are interested please let me know sure. I will contact u. A Good Opportunity For New Freelancers For taking 5 Star Review after their ...
...from every transaction, with no need for technical expertise. Just refer and earn—it’s that simple! I'm seeking affiliates to increase client acquisition for my businesses: and Key Requirements: - Proven Experience: I need someone with a track record of successfully generating leads for businesses. - Proven Funnels, Email lists, Social Media groups, etc. that generate traffic from the U.S.A., Canada, and Europe and lead to conversion. - Multi-channel Approach: Our current lead generation strategy includes social media, email marketing, referral programs and affiliate networks. The ideal candidate should be adept at utilizing these channels effectively. - Specific Audience Focus: Our target audience for lead generation includes small bu...
I'm seeking an experienced Android developer to build an app targeted at general public and businesses. The app should have key functionalities such as: - User login and registration capabilities - In-app messaging features - Capability...general public and businesses. The app should have key functionalities such as: - User login and registration capabilities - In-app messaging features - Capability to send push notifications Apart from the technical development, I also require assistance in app design and wireframing. I'm open to creative input. Ideal freelancers should have a strong background in both Android development and app design. Experience working on similar projects is a definite plus. Looking for someone who can bring professionalism, enthusiasm and ...
Russian Recording Project We have a project, that needs Native Russian speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 626 Short sentences. you just need to download our software, to read our text and record it, it's a very easy job. 1. You will nee...project, that needs Native Russian speakers, we will give you the text, and you need to record 626 Short sentences. you just need to download our software, to read our text and record it, it's a very easy job. 1. You will need to record in a quiet place without loud background noise. and without echo. 2. Each person is $13 dollar for 626 sentences record. If you are interested please let me know sure.I will contact u. A Good Opportunity For New Freelancers For taking 5 Star Review after t...
READ CAREFULLY - THIS COULD BE A LUCRATIVE OPPORTUNITY FOR THE RIGHT PERSON OR AGENCY We're looking for a talented and passionate AI enthusiast / specialist to work along site us catering to our clients About Us: We are a leading AI solutions agency based in London, UK, specializing in AI services tailored for small to medium-sized businesses (SMBs) across the UK and Europe. We are currently seeking a highly motivated individual or agency to collaborate with us in setting up these systems for our current clients. About You: Technical Skills: - Experience with cloud-based AI platforms (e.g., Dialogflow, Rasa, Bland AI, Open AI, Pipedream, Make, Zapier etc) - Strong understanding of natural language processing (NLP) concepts - Familiarity...
I'm on the lookout for 10 dedicated freelancers to help with posting comments regarding weight loss products across multiple platforms. Key Requirements: - The chosen social media platforms for this project are YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram. - Each freelancer is expected to post 10 comments on each platform. - It's imperative that the comments are original and not based on pre-existing templates. We are looking for 10 dedicated freelancers to assist us in posting comments on various YouTube and social media platforms related to weight loss products. These platforms should have significant search volumes and engagement on topics surrounding weight loss and dietary supplements. Project Details: Task: Each freelancer will be required to pos...
