Nptel design and analysis of algorithms assignments jobs
We have a list of around 4,795 energy consultants. This list contains the name of the consultant, the company name they work for, contact information including general email address, telephone number, website, and address. However, we need you to find out the personal corporate email address of each consultant, and insert it into Column K in the Excel sheet. Check the attached file. Time : 48 Hours Budget 50$ Lowest Bidder will win Milestone Payment : no advance milestone payment. After Completed work get payment. Thanks
I'm in need of a thorough market, financial and competition analysis for food franchises in Jaipur. Market Analysis: - Understanding the target customer demographics is key to this project. This will help in tailoring the product offerings and marketing strategies. - A detailed competitor analysis is also essential. It should cover their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the context of the market. Financial Analysis: - The financial analysis should focus on the return on investment (ROI) and profitability projections. This data will be crucial in forming an informed business strategy. Location Analysis: - The project includes a location analysis. The ideal freelancer should...
...seasoned and highly efficient accountant to assist with bookkeeping, tax preparation, and financial analysis in a long-term capacity. Key Responsibilities: - Manage and maintain our financial records with rigorous bookkeeping - Conduct tax preparation and ensure all regulations are adhered to - Complete a financial analysis tailored to our business strategies Required Skills and Experience: - Proven accounting experience, particularly with bookkeeping, tax preparation, and financial analysis - Familiarity with Tally accounting software - Ability to work effectively in a long-term role The ideal candidate will ensure our finances are accurate, up-to-date, and compliant with legal regulations. You should be experie...
I have a basic school project that requires inputting provided data into Microsoft Excel. Here are the specifics: - You will be provided with a simple dataset. - The main objective of the project is to input data from this dataset accurately based on the given instructions. The ideal freelancer for this project would be someone who is: - Proficient in Microsoft Excel. - Detail-oriented to ensure accurate data input. - Able to follow provided instructions carefully.
...crafting intricate and comprehensive spreadsheets? We're embarking on a quest to develop the of a cutting-edge Property Portfolio & Financial position Management Tool for our discerning clients. If you possess the expertise to meticulously organize data, create advanced formulas, and design visually captivating presentations, this contest is tailored for you! Join us in revolutionizing property portfolio management with a document that sets the standard for clarity, accuracy, and usability. I would like to be able to edit if required in the future therefore 2 copies will be required. 1 being password and field protected and the other with full access for any required changes. **Requirements:** **Tab 1: Welcome & Data Collec...
...monitoring and analyzing political situations, providing written reports on a regular basis. Key Responsibilities: - Keep a keen eye on political developments in North America, including the US, Canada, and Mexico. - Prepare concise, well-structured written reports on the observed political scenarios. - Offer insightful analysis and interpretation of the events to facilitate better understanding. Ideal Candidate: - A background in international relations, political science, or a related field. - Proven experience in political analysis, observation, and reporting. - Excellent writing skills, able to craft clear, concise, and engaging reports. - Strong understanding of political systems, dynamics, and trends in North...
...automate the management of absences within our company using VBA Excel. The goal is to simplify and optimize absence tracking, reporting, and data analysis to save time and improve accuracy. **Project Description:** The project involves developing an automated solution in Microsoft Excel that includes: 1. **Absence Data Entry:** - Interactive forms for entering absences (sickness, vacations, authorized absences, etc.) - Data validation to ensure accuracy and consistency. 2. **Automatic Absence Calculation:** - Automatic calculation of absence days per employee. - Tracking different types of absences and their quotas (paid leave, sick days, etc.). 3. **Report Generation:** - Creation of weekly, month...
...accounts on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, we're searching for a skilled Social Media Manager. Our core objectives include enhancing brand visibility, boosting our website traffic, and driving conversions. Show us your portfolio. Tell us your fee for posting on all our accounts per month. Key Responsibilities: - Create and implement a comprehensive social media strategy - Generate high-quality and engaging content for all platforms - Monitor and report on key metrics regularly - Manage community engagement and respond to queries - Develop and execute paid social media campaigns Ideal Candidate: - Proven track record in managing social media for businesses - Strong understanding of different platforms and their ...
I have a Microsoft Excel assignment that needs expert handling. My needs include: - Data analysis: I want to make sense of my data, and uncover any hidden trends or correlations. - Formula creation: I require the creation of Excel formulas to automate data processing tasks. - Graphs and charts: I need insightful visuals to represent my data. This will aid me in understanding and communicating it more effectively. While it's unfortunate I could not provide more detailed information, it's vital that the freelancer can work with a certain degree of ambiguity. Expertise in Excel-based data analysis, formula creation, and chart and graph creation are essential. An ability to uncover data insights, no matter ...
...task is to extract key points, concepts and ideas from a provided books, and translate them into a detailed, chapter-by-chapter analysis. Key deliverables: - A comprehensive analysis of each chapter - Ensuring content is engaging, informative and educational - Creating a structured, well-organized PowerPoint presentation The ideal candidate for this job should have: - Strong understanding of educational materials and concepts - Proven experience in creating detailed, educational PowerPoint presentations - Ability to work with content from books and distill key information - Strong design skills, with an emphasis on professional and formal design - Good communication skills to ensure the presentation m...
I'm in need of a structural engineer and designer who is well-versed in tensile design, particularly for a medium-scale project involving commercial canopies. The main goal of this project is to conduct a thorough structural analysis to ensure the safety, stability, and durability of the final design. Key Requirements: - Expertise in tensile design: The ideal candidate should have a solid background and extensive experience in both designing and conducting structural analysis for tensile structures. - Familiarity with both fabric and steel cables: The chosen materials for this project are fabric and steel cables. Therefore, prior experience working with these materials in tensile structu...
I'm in need of a Power BI expert to create a comprehensive dashboard for our recruitment department. The dashboard will pull data from our existing Excel spreadsheets and update daily. Key Features Required: - Job Status: This will give us a clear overview of the number of open positions, positions in the interview stage, and positions that have been filled. - Recruitment Pipeline: Visual representation of where in the recruitment process our candidates are, from application to hire. - Applicant Information: A detailed breakdown of our applicants, their demographics, and the source from which they applied. - Application Source: Analysis of the effectiveness of our recruitment sources. - Time to Hire: Ideally...
...Processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques to accurately extract and structure information from resumes. Responsibilities: Develop and implement NLP algorithms to parse and extract relevant data from resumes. Ensure high accuracy in extracting information such as personal details, education, work experience, skills, and more. Integrate the parsing solution with our website to provide seamless user experience. Continuously improve the parsing accuracy through machine learning and feedback loops. Collaborate with our development team to ensure smooth integration and functionality. Requirements: Proven experience in NLP and resume parsing projects. Proficiency in Python and NLP libraries (e.g., SpaCy, NLTK, Tens...
I am in need of a skilled Excel professional who can create a comprehensive Excel dashboard focused on data analysis. The dashboard will integrate with various Excel files to provide real-time data updates. Key Requirements: - Create an Excel dashboard that primarily focuses on data analysis - Integrate the dashboard with multiple Excel files - Ensure that the data updates are in real-time Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in Excel - Experience in creating complex and dynamic dashboards - Knowledge of data analysis techniques - Familiarity with real-time data integration This project is ideal for an Excel expert who can not only design a visually appealing dashboard but also ensure that it is highly functional for data analysis purposes.
...Method) Description: Seeking a skilled individual to create and manage multiple Instagram accounts using the Mother Slave method. Must have experience in social media management, a deep understanding of Instagram's policies, and the ability to grow engagement across accounts. Responsibilities: - Create and set up Instagram accounts using the Mother Slave method. - Manage accounts in compliance with Instagram's guidelines. - Customize profiles and implement growth strategies. - Monitor and engage with followers. Requirements: - Proven experience with the Mother Slave method. - Strong understanding of Instagram's platform and best practices. - Excellent communication and multitasking skills. - Ability to adap...
I'm in need of a proficient Power BI developer with a keen understanding of data modeling and transformation for the purpose of creating an intuitive dashboard. This dashboard will primarily focus on showcasing our sales and market data. Most of the data would be related to Transportation and Logistics Domain, for eg : Port Wise Performance Customer Support Analysis Database would be PostgreSQL Key Components: - Incorporation of various visuals such as line and bar graphs, pie and doughnut charts and maps to effectively represent geographical data. - Advanced skills in handling complex sales and market data, and ability to visualize this in a digestible manner are essential for this ta...
I'm in need of an experienced application developer who can build a robust database application. The application will need to provide the following functionalities: - Data storage and retrieval: The application must be able to store and retrieve data efficiently, ensuring the integrity and security of the data at all times. - Data analysis and reporting: It should have built-in analytics features to generate and visualize reports based on the stored data. Understanding of statistics and data analysis tools is preferred. - User authentication and access control: The application must include a secure log-in mechanism for users, and feature robust access control settings to manage their privileg...
Note the budget not mor...controversial topics, gather solutions from invited participants, and then the system analyzes and decides on the best option using insights from the discussions and AI capabilities. It could foster meaningful debates and provide valuable insights. The idea allows for both private ideation and public discourse. In the case of private submissions, users can submit their ideas confidentially, and the system can evaluate them internally before announcing a winner. For public conversations, the system can facilitate discussions among users, analyze their ideas, and ultimately make decisions based on the collective input and its own analysis, integrating the insights gained from AI It offers flexi...
I'm looking for an efficient professional to help me establish and set up various Asana project management templates. I need: - Task tracking templates allowing me to monitor varied assignments, mandated deadlines, and crucial progress updates. - Project planning templates to plan projects efficiently. These should include project milestones, task dependencies, and the allocation of resources. - Team collaboration templates for team coordination. Therefore, proficiency in Asana usage is highly recommended. Experience in project management and an understanding of Asana's capabilities is a must. This should involve well-structured workflows and effective team collaboration. Bid with confidence if you can deliver effect...
I'm in need of an SEO expert to help me improve my website's visibility on Google. My primary goal is to generate more leads and conversions, particularly from small businesses and large corporations. Key Responsibilities: - Implement SEO strategies to boost website traffic - Improve website rankings on Google - Enhance visibility for small businesses and large corporations Ideal Skills: - Proven track record in SEO optimization, with a focus on lead generation - Expertise in Google's algorithms and ranking factors - Understanding of B2B lead generation strategies - Ability to tailor SEO efforts towards targeting small businesses and large corporations I need someone who can reliably increase my reach and brin...
I req...specifically in land law, to conduct comprehensive legal research and analysis. The scope of this task will include summarizing key regulations and laws, identifying significant case law and providing a clear interpretation of its impact on current practices. The ideal candidate will possess: - Deep knowledge of land law - Strong experience in real estate transactions, landlord-tenant disputes, and property zoning and development - Proficient legal research skills - Exceptional analytical writing skills The outcome of this project is to get clearer insights into legal aspects concerning land law. This document will be used as a base for making informed decisions on future property investments. A meticulous ...
...circuit, open circuit, phase loss and other related issues. Key components: - I've decided to use an ESP32 board instead of the conventional Arduino boards for this project. - The current sensor I'd like to implement includes ZMPT101B and ACS712. - The voltage sensor I'd prefer to use are the ZMPT101B and ACS712. Your tasks would include: - Writing the code required for the ESP32 board to interface with the current and voltage sensors. - Creating the fault detection algorithms in the code. Ideal skills and experience: - Proficiency with Arduino and ESP32 development. - Experience in working with current and voltage sensors. - Understanding of fault detection systems. This project is critical, an...
I'm in need of a highly skilled and experienced Node.js developer who can work on creating an intricate system that can analyze both reversal and continuation patterns in the stock market. Requirements: - Proficiency in Node.js: You should be an expert and have a deep understanding of Node.js. - Candlestick Pattern Analysis: Strong experience in developing algorithms for analyzing both reversal and continuation patterns in the stock market. - Stock Market Knowledge: A good understanding of how the stock market operates and the ability to apply your knowledge to creating a robust solution. - Strong problem-solving skills: You should be able to come up with innovative solutions to complex problems in a timely manne...
...that involves reading text from PDF files and answering questions based on the content. This task must be completed without using any external libraries. The ideal candidate should have strong programming skills and experience with text processing and file handling. Project Details: Objective: Extract text from provided PDF files and answer specific questions based on the content. Requirements: No use of external libraries for PDF reading and text extraction. Write custom code to parse and process the PDF files. Develop a method to accurately answer questions using the extracted text. Deliverables: Custom code/script for reading text from PDF files. A function or method to process the text and generate answers to the given quest...
I'm in need of an Android app, designed to cater for both phones and tablets. The app is dedicated to astrology, and must include the following features: - Daily Horoscope: A system that can provide daily horoscope readings for users. - Zodiac Compatibility: A feature allowing users to check the compatibility between different zodiac signs. - Birth Chart Analysis: A section for detailed birth chart analysis for users. I'm looking for a developer who has ample experience in Android app development, particularly in the realms of astrology or similar niche markets. Strong UI/UX design skills would be highly beneficial. Please share any relevant portfolio pieces when bidding.
I'm in need of a Python expert who can develop a content spinning tool for me. The tool should be capable of automatically generating unique variations of basic text, like blog posts and articles. Key Requirements: - I'm looking for a tool that can automatically generate spun content from existing text, without any manual input needed. - File upload option - If I upload an Excel sheet, the tool spin content in that sheet and export excel sheet with spin content. - It needs to be able to handle the text complexity level of blog posts and articles, 50-500 words - THe purpose of this tool is to rewrite content to make content ZeropGPT free Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in Python programming. - Prior experience in developing c...
I'm in need of a skilled data scientist who can create a web scraping tool specifically for Shopify websites. I need to extract Product details, Pricing information, and Customer Reviews from a wide range of Shopify websites including those in the Clothing and fashion, Electronics, and Home and decor etc. Key requirements: - The tool should efficiently scrape the specified data points from the mentioned categories of Shopify websites. - The extracted data should be well-structured and easily exportable for further analysis. - The tool should be able to scrape a large number of websites in a relatively short period of time. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in web scraping and data extraction - Experienc...
I need an in-depth analysis of Woonsocket's justice system and the Department of Children, Youth, and Families (DCYF). Specifically, it should cover: - Law enforcement practices - Court procedures - Child protective services - The observance or violation of the Supreme Court Rules of Criminal procedure - Any cases that reveal policing based on personal bias, perception, and beliefs rather than law - Instances where the power and trust Rhode Island placed in these systems have been abused without consequence. Freelancers indicating interest should demonstrate: - An understanding of the depth and breadth this project demands - Ability to proficiently navigate the legal and justice system landscapes T...
My website primarily focuses on product listings. I'm looking to enhance its online visibility through effective SEO strategies. The main goal is to reach more consumers and drive higher traffic to my site. Ideal candidates for this project should have: - Proven experience with product-oriented SEO for a clothing brand - Strong understanding of search engine algorithms - Ability to increase website visibility - Prior success in driving organic traffic Your goal is to optimize the website for search engines, making it easier for consumers to find my products. Please include in your bid your approach to achieving this, including any specifics you would recommend for the product-oriented focus. The website is
...protocol that will focus on the primary goal of identifying preventative strategies for falls among the elderly in their home environment. Ideal skills and experience for the job include: - Proven background in designing research protocols, particularly within the field of geriatrics or injury prevention. - Comprehensive knowledge of the root causes of falls among the elderly. - Ability to develop strategies that are not only preventative but also feasible to implement within a home environment. - Prior experience with geriatric and/or home-based research is a plus. - Strong analytical skills to identify common risk factors and propose evidence-based solutions. - Excellent communication skills to clearly articulate the protocol's ob...
I have an Excel file that needs to be formatted with some basic arithmetic formulas. Key Requirements: - I need the data in the cells to be formatted to phone number style. - Basic arithmetic formulas are required for this project. The level of statistical analysis you'd need to provide is basic, such as mean, median, or mode. Ideal Skills/Experience: - Proficiency in Excel and formulas is a must. - Experience with basic statistical analysis is preferred. Please get in touch with your credentials and prior work samples. Thank you.
I am in need of an experienced business plan writer to help me craft a detailed business plan with the primary aim of attracting angel investors. The plan should be completed within the span of one month. Key requirements include: In a business plan for bridal jewelry , several key topics should be covered to ensure a comprehensive and effective strategy: Executive Summary: Provide a concise overview of the business concept, target market, competitive advantage, and financial projections. Business Description: Detail the mission, vision, and objectives of the bridal jewelry distribution business. Explain the need for bridal jewelry in the market and how we will fulfill that need. Market Analysis: market research...
...Overview: I am in need of a skilled web scraper to collect and analyze real estate rental data from various listings. The project involves extracting detailed information such as rental prices, property features, and lease terms from popular online platforms. This data will be used for research purposes to understand market trends and pricing strategies. Project Responsibilities: Develop scripts to efficiently scrape data from specified online real estate platforms. Manage data extraction to include multiple pages and ensure comprehensive coverage. Use respectful scraping practices to adhere to platform terms of service and avoid blocking. Verify and clean data to ensure accuracy and usability in analysis. Compile ...
I'm looking for a professional skilled in Off-page SEO to significantly improve the organic traffic to my website. The main goal of this project is to strategically incorporate keywords into the content to optimize search results and generate more leads. Key tasks include: - Developing high-quality backlinks - Managing link-building strategies - Creating social media marketing strategies Candidates should have proven experience in improving search engine rankings and a robust understanding of the latest SEO trends and algorithms. An ability to work with content teams to ensure SEO best practices are properly implemented will be appreciated. Knowledge in Content optimization is a plus. If you're able to deliver a significant traffic ...
I need an incisive case study focusing on both India and Brazil, spanning the past 10 years. The study needs to incorporate three main aspects: - Economic Development - Political Landscape - Social Issues To be suitable for this project, you should have: - Exceptional skills in research and analytical thinking - Extensive knowledge in international economics, politics, and social sciences - Previous experience in writing comprehensive case studies - Clear understanding of India and Brazil's historical, economic, and social context over the past decade. Informed insight and analysis are a must for this task. Your ability to succinctly portray complex concepts, related to both countries' development or underdevelopment, ...
I'm in need of a skilled freelancer to assist in the sale of my domain - a .ai extension, primarily related to the auto industry. The domain has a low monthly traffic of less than 1,000 visits. Key Responsibilities: - Market analysis: Understanding the domain market, tech and automotive niches, and identifying potential buyers. - Pricing strategy: Setting a competitive yet realistic price for the domain. - Outreach: Creating a compelling sales pitch and reaching out to potential buyers, ensuring high visibility. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Prior experience in domain selling, especially tech, and automotive domains. - Proficiency in market research and analysis. - Strong negotiation and communicati...
I'm in need of someone to provide a comprehensive analysis of the first three chapters of my fantasy novel. This will require more than a casual read as the content is extensive, running around 55 pages. I require feedback in three key areas: - Plot development: Assess the progression of the central narrative and its effectiveness. - Character development: Evaluate the depth, originality and relatability of my characters. - Writing style: Comment on my language use, tone and overall writing technique. Ideally, you should have experience not only in literary criticism but specifically within the fantasy genre. Looking forward to your insights.
...5-10 pages that delves into the sentiment analysis process. This includes an in-depth explanation, supported by examples, to provide clear and comprehensive insights. For the second part of this project, I require a thorough analysis of a review. This analysis should be presented in a combined format of text and visualizations. The analysis must be detailed and insightful, showcasing the different levels of sentiment analysis. Ideal candidates for this project should have: - Strong academic writing skills, particularly in the area of sentiment analysis - Proficiency in data analysis and visualization techniques - Previous experience in writing or analyzing reviews - Ability ...
I've got a project that involves object-oriented programming, data structures and algorithms in C++. The code is at a basic level - think simple functions, loops - but it needs some debugging and optimization before I can move forward with it. Key responsibilities and skills needed: - Debugging and optimizing C++ code - Good grasp of object-oriented programming, data structures and algorithms - Experience working with basic C++ code would be helpful. This project would be great for someone who's comfortable with foundational C++ concepts and is adept at debugging and refining code.
...exceeding 10,000 records that requires comprehensive analysis using SAS Studio. Key Tasks: - Data Cleaning and Validation: There are various forms of inconsistencies and inaccuracies that must be identified and rectified prior to any analysis. - Statistical Analysis: After the data is cleaned, statistical analysis should be performed. This will involve identifying trends and key patterns within the data. - Segmentation: The end goal of this project is to segment the data into meaningful groups. This will require profound understanding of the data, and the ability to identify relevant grouping criteria. Ideal Candidate: - Proficient in SAS Studio - Strong experience with large dataset analysis...
I'm looking for professionals adept at structural analysis, specifically with experience determining the properties of retaining walls, to evaluate my wall which is currently in a good condition, without issues. Your task will include: - Identifying if the wall is indeed a retaining wall. - Providing estimates for the cost of installing a wooden beam, considering the removal of the wall. I would need someone local preferably to come out and identify if this wall is load bearing or not (circled in red). I plan to open this wall up- if it is load bearing I need to be setup with a contractor that can install a beam for me. But I want to know if you can determine remotely if this wall is load-bearing? If it isn't load-bearing, I can handle the w...
I'm in search of a Python developer with strong skills in both data analysis and financial modeling. The main task is to assist in analyzing market data. The outcomes of this analysis needs to be presented as interactive visualizations. Key responsibilities: - Utilize Python for data analysis: Your solid experience in Python should allow you to clean, manipulate, and analyze financial data effectively. - Implement financial modelling: Your understanding of financial modelling is important for you to interpret the data correctly in a financial context. - Analyze market data: The core objective of the project is to carry out analysis on market data. Strong attention to detail and good research skills are cruc...
I need some help building and testing quant strategies 1. Create IA framework to collect, process and append data for analysis, 2. write the rules for each strategy, 3. produce dataframes to visually produce signals 4. strategies run each day on daily data, framework will serve results each morning after market close
...develop an innovative model that evaluates and optimizes keyword relevance and effectiveness for Google Ads campaigns. The model will integrate data from multiple sources to provide actionable insights and generate optimized keywords for immediate use in campaigns. Objective: The primary goal is to create an AI model that: 1. Integrates seamlessly with Google Ads API, Google Search Console, and client-provided data. 2. Evaluates keywords based on data from: - Google Keyword Planner via Google Ads API. - Crawled content from specified landing pages. - Activity data of the landing pages from Google Search Console. - Historical data of keywords from linked Google Ads accounts. The model must function optimally re...
...who can show off their skills by creating some stunning and insightful graphs based on my company's stock data. Here's what I need: - Create a scatter plot of the highest stock price (in the column labeled "High") against time. Write several sentences explaining the process/steps. -Create a scatter plot of the lowest stock price (in the column labeled "Low") against time. Write several sentences explaining the process/steps. -Create a histogram of the adjusted daily closing stock price (in the column labeled "Adj Close"). Make sure the histogram is meaningful by adjusting the bin size so you can see the shape of the histogram. Write several sentences explaining the process/steps by which you created this graph. ...
I'm in need of a skilled automation specialist to help me streamline and optimize a multi-step process that involves audio analysis and documentation. Key Responsibilities: - Develop a solution (on ) that initiates from an audio file recording and proceeds to: - Audio-to-text conversion using Google Cloud Speech-to-Text - Running the transcript through ChatGPT for analysis - Summarizing the outcome in Google Docs - Maintaining a daily list of patients' names in a Google Sheet Key Objectives: - The primary goal of this automation is to enhance productivity, allowing staff to focus on more intricate tasks. - All stages of this process need to be fully automated. Additional Details: - The daily list ...
I need someone to help with offline data entry. The task involves entering less than 1000 entries into an Excel spreadsheet. Accuracy is key as the data will be used for business analysis. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in offline data entry - Advanced Excel skills - Ability to maintain high level of accuracy - Previous experience with similar tasks is a plus
...This is a one-time gig with the potential for future opportunities. We provide test administration and accommodation solutions to test-takers nationwide. For this purpose, we look for professionals who we contact on an "as-needed" basis to see if they are available to assist test takers for their approved accommodations. We provide complete training and assignments pay hourly for the entire scheduled time, even if the exam ends early. We have a computer exam coming up where a test taker has been approved for communication assistance. The candidate is deaf or hard of hearing but is able to read lips. For this assignment, you would be required to be on site and repeat communication from staff and content from the exam in a way that the...
...measure the success of our salespeople. The key performance indicators, KPIs, that we currently utilize include the number of sales closed, the revenue generated, the number of closed deals from created estimates, orders with specific shipping methods, and orders with designated items. Additionally, we perceive the consistent meeting or exceeding of sales targets and effective communication of our product's benefits and features as hallmarks of a successful salesperson. These factors will need to be integrated into the metric. Currently, we track and manage sales activities and performance using spreadsheets. Ideal candidate should posses: - Strong analytical skills and the ability to interpret ...
