ENERGY BALANCE OF A DIESEL ENGINE (Power and Energy System)

Objective: To carry out an energy balance on a compression ignition engine running at a constant speed for a number of loads. Procedure: Familiarise yourself with the engine, the recording instruments and their operation. Observe the start up and operation of the engine as carried out by the laboratory staff. Take readings for fuel flow-rate, air flow-rate, cooling water mass flow-rate, load and speed. Take the following temperature readings: Ambient temperature Exhaust manifold temperature Heat exchanger’s cooling water inlet temperature Heat exchanger’s cooling water outlet temperature Engine’s cooling water inlet temperature Engine’s cooling water outlet temperature Take exhaust gas analysis readings Repeat the procedure for the five loads set by the laboratory staff. Results: Produce a pie chart depicting the energy balance for each load Discuss where the extra energy (losses) has gone Plot the following graphs: Thermal efficiency against load (BMEP) Specific fuel consumption against load (BMEP) Air : fuel ratio against load (BMEP) Discuss the effects of load on emissions and on engine performance using appropriate graphs Research: 1. Development of Diesel engines 2. Advantages of using Diesel engines compared to petrol engines 3. Emissions from diesel engines and effect on environment and human health 4. Brief description of emission reduction techniques for diesel engines